Title: Approximations by Jacobi and Generalized Jacobi Polynomials: Analysis, Algorithms and Applications Abstract: In this talk, we will present a set of optimal Jacobi and generalized Jacobi approximation results in non-uniformly weighted Sobolev spaces. These results play fundamental roles in the design and analysis of spectral-Galerkin methods for a class of partial differential equations. In particular, we will illustrate the applications of such approximations to the Helmholtz equation (in wave scattering), and to high-order differential equations (such as KdV-type equations).