Efficient solution of elliptic systems Linear constant-coefficient elliptic systems of partial differential equations occur frequently in computational science, and challenge standard solution methodologies. We present new ``locally-corrected spectral boundary integral methods'' for their accurate discretization and fast solution. Arbitrary elliptic systems such as Poisson, Yukawa, Helmholtz, Maxwell, Stokes and elasticity equations are transformed to an overdetermined first-order form amenable to unified solution. A simple well-conditioned boundary integral equation, for solutions satisfying arbitrary boundary conditions posed on complex interfaces, is derived from first principles. A fast Ewald summation formula for the periodic fundamental solution is derived by Fourier analysis, linear algebra, and local asymptotic expansion. Ewald summation evaluates box, volume and layer potentials efficiently, and separates the boundary integral equation into a low-rank system with regular spectral structure, followed by a simple local correction formula.