Editors: Zhilan Feng, Ulf Dieckmann, Simon A. Levin
Research featured in EVPRP annual report
Unraveling the math of disease immunity
ABSTRACTS OF SELECTED PAPERS
Su Q, Feng Z, Hao L, Ma C, Hagan JE, Grant GB,Wen N, Fan C, Yang H, Rodewald LE,Wang H, Glasser
JW, Assessing the burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in China and evaluating mitigation strategies:
a meta-population modeling study, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-
3099(20)30475-8, 2021.
Zhao, H., Feng, Z., Staggered release policies for COVID-19 control: Costs and benefits of
relaxing restrictions by age and risk, Mathematical Biosciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108405, 2020.
Feng, Z., Glasser, J.W., Hill, A.N. On the benefits of flattening the curve: A perspective, Mathematical Biosciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108389, 2020.
Feng, Z., Feng, Y., Glasser, J.W., Influence of demographically-realistic mortality schedules on vaccination strategies in age-structured models, Theoretical Population Biology, 132, 24-32, 2020.
Feng, Z., Gurski, K., Prosper,O., Teboh-Ewungken, M., Grogan, M., A mosquito-borne disease model with non-exponentially
distributed infection and treatment stages,
JDDE, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-020-09863-2, 2020.
Carlsson, R., Childs, L.M., Feng,Z., Glasser, J.W.,
Heffernan, J.M., Li, J., Rost, R., Modeling the waning and boosting of immunity from infection or vaccination J. Theoretical Biology , 2020.
Dahlin, K., Feng. Z., Modeling the population impacts of avian malaria on Hawaiian honeycreepers: Bifurcation analysis and implications for conservation, Mathematical Biosciences, 2020.
Feng, Z., Glasser, J.W., Estimating age-specific hazard rates of infection from cross-sectional observations, Revista De Mathematica: Teoria y Aplicationes, 27(1): 123-140, 2020,
Hao, L., Glasser, J.W., Su Q., Ma C., Feng, Z-L., Yin, Z., Goodson, J.L., Wen, N., Fan, C., Yang, H., Rodewald, L.E., Feng, Z-J., Wang, H. Evaluating Vaccination Policies to Accelerate Measles Elimination in China: a Meta-Population Modeling Study, International Journal of Epidemiology, doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz058, 2019.
Zhao, H., Feng, Z., Identifying optimal vaccination strategies via economic and epidemiological modeling, Journal of Biological Systems, DOI: 10.1142/S0218339019400011, 2019.
Alfaro-Murillo, J. A., Feng, Z., Glasser, J.W., Analysis of an epidemiological model structured by time-since-last-infection, Journal of Differential Equations, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2019.06.002, 2019.
Ponce, J., Zheng, Y., Lin, G., Feng, Z. Assessing the effects of modeling the spectrum of clinical symptoms on the dynamics and control of Ebola, J. Theor. Biol., 467, 111-122, 2019.
Manore, C., Teboh-Ewungken, M., Prosper,O., Peace, A., Gurski, K., Feng, Z., Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT): Its role in averting disease-induced mortality in children and in promoting the spread of antimalarial drug resistance,
Bull. Math. Biol. , 81, 193-234, 2019.
Poghotanyan, G., Feng, Z., Glasser, J. W., Hill, A. N., Constrained minimization problems for the reproduction number in meta-population models, J. Math. Biol., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-018-1216-z, 2018.
Wang, X., Shi, Y., Cui, J., Feng, Z., Analysis of age-structured pertussis models with multiple infections during a lifetime, J. Dyn. Diff. Equ., To appear, 2018.
Cui, J., Zhang, Y., Feng, Z., Influence of non-homogeneous mixing on final epidemic size in a meta-population model, J. Biol. Dyn., To appear, 2018.
Feng, Z., Hill, A. N., Curns, A. T., Glasser, J. W., Evaluating targeted interventions via meta-population models with multi-level mixing, Math. Biosci. , 287, 93-104, 2017.
Ainseba, B., Feng, Z., Iannelli, M., Milner, F. A., Control strategies for TB epidemics, SIAM J. Appl. Math. , 77(1), 82-107, 2017.
Cen, X., Feng, Z., Zheng, Y., Zhao. Y., Bifurcation analysis and global dynamics of a mathematical model of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, J. Math. Biol. , DOI 10.1007/s00285-017-1128-3, 2017.
Wang, X., Shi, Y., Feng, Z., Cui. J., Evaluations of interventions using mathematical models with exponential and non-exponential distributions for disease stages: The Case of Ebola,
Bull. Math. Biol. , 79, 2149-2173, 2017.
Hilker, F.M., Allen, L.J.S., Bokil, V.A., Briggs, C.J., Feng, Z., Garrett, K.A., Gross, L.J.,
Hamelin, F.M., Jeger, M.J., Manore, C.A., Power, A.G., Redinbaugh, M.G., Rua, M.A.,
and Cunniffe, N.J., Modeling virus coinfection to inform management of Maize lethal necrosis in Kenya, Phytopathology ,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-17-0080-FI, 2017.
Feng, Z., Zheng, Y., Hernandez-Ceron, N., Zhao, H., Glasser, J. W., Hill, A. N., Mathematical models of Ebola - Consequences of underlying assumptions, MBS, 277, 89-107, 2016.
Glasser, J.W., Feng, Z., Omer, S.B., Smith, P.J. Rodewald, L.E., The effect of heterogeneity in uptake of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine on the potential for outbreaks of measles: a modelling study,
Lancet ID, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00004-9, 2016.
See also the accompanied Comment:
Managing the risks of vaccine hesitancy and refusals, Lancet ID, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00028-1, 2016.
Feng, Z., Zheng, Y., Hernandez-Ceron, N., Zhao, H., Designing public health policies to mitigate the
adverse consequences of rural-urban
migration via meta-population modeling, in: Mathematical modeling for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, Chowell-Puente, C., Hyman, J.M. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 187-206,2016.
Meng, F., Wu, P., Feng, Z., Swihart, R.K., Dynamics of predator-prey metapopulation with Allee effects, BMB, 78, 1727-1748, 2016.
Feng, Z., Han, Q., Qui, Z., Hill, A. N., Glasser, J. W., Computation of R in age-structured epidemilogical models with maternal and temporary immunity, DCDSB, 21 (2), 399-415, 2016.
Feng, Z., Hill, A.N., Smith, P.J. Glasser, J.W., An elaboration of theory about preventing outbreaks in homogeneous populations to include heterogeneity or preferential mixing, JTB, 386, 177-187, 2015.
Hernandez-Ceron, N., Chavez-Casillas, J., Feng, Z., Discrete stochastic metapopulation model with arbitrarily distributed infectious period, MBS, 261, 174-82, 2015.
Feng, Z., Cen, X., Zhao, Y., Velasco-Hernandez, J., Coupled within-host and between-host dynamics and evolution of virulence, MBS, 270, 204-212, 2015.
Zhao, Y., Feng, Z., Zheng, Y., Cen, X., Existence of limit cycles and homoclinic bifurcation in a plant-herbivore model with toxin-determined functional response, JDE, 258, 2847-2872, 2015.
Alvey, C., Feng, Z., Glasser, J.W., A model for the coupled disease dynamics of HIV and HSV-2 with mixing among and between genders, MBS, 265, 82-100, 2015.
Feng, Z., Glasser, J. W., Hill, A. N., Franko, M. A., Carlsson, R-M., Carlsson, R-M, Hallander, H., Tull, P., Olin, P.,
Modeling rates of infection with transient maternal antibodies and
waning active immunity: Application to Bordetella pertussis in Sweden, JTB, 356, 123-132, 2014.
Cen, X., Feng, Z., Zhao, Y., Emerging disease dynamics in a model coupling within-host and between-host systems, JTB, 361, 141-151, 2014.
Zhao, H., Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., The dynamics of poverty and crime, JSNU, 43 (5), 486-495, 2014.
Govindan, B., Feng, Z., DeWoody, Y., Swihart, R., Intermediate disturbance in experimental landscapes improves persistence of beetle metapopulations, Ecology, To appear, 2014.
Kapitanov, G., Alvey, C., Vogt Geisse, K., Feng, Z.,
An age-structured model for the coupled dynamics of HIV and HSV-2, MBE, To appear, 2014.
Teboh-Ewungken, M., Prosper,O., Gurski, K., Manore, C., Peace, A., Feng, Z., Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) and the spread of drug resistant malaria,
IMA, To appear, 2014.
Vogt Geisse, K., Alvey, C., Feng, Z.,
Impact of age-dependent relapse and immunity on malaria dynamics ,
JBS, 21 (4), 2013.
Hernandez-Ceron, N., Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., Discrete epidemic models with arbitrary stage distributions and applications to disease control, BMB, 75 (10), 1716-1746, 2013.
Hernandez-Ceron, N., Feng, Z., van den Driessche, P., Reproduction numbers for discrete-time epidemic models with arbitrary stage distributions, JDEA, 19, 1671-1693, 2013.
Feng, Z., Qiu, Z., Sang, Z., Lorenzo, C., Glasser, J., Modeling the synergy between HSV-2 and HIV and potential impact of HSV-2 therapy, MBS, 245, 171â187, 2013.
Alfaro-Murillo, J. A., Towers, S., Feng, Z., A deterministic model for influenza infection with multiple strains and antigenic drift, JBD, 7, 199-211, 2013.
Feng, Z., Velasco-Hernandez, J., Tapia-Santos, B., A mathematical model for coupling within-host and between-host dynamics in an environmentally-driven infectious disease, MBS , 241(1), 49-55, 2013.
Feng, Z., Huang, W., DeAngelis, D.L., Spatially heterogeneous invasion of toxic plant mediated by herbivory, MBE, 10 (5-6), 1519-1538, 2013.
Feng, Z., Alfaro-Murillo, J. A., DeAngelis, D. L., Schmidt, J., Barga, M., Zheng, Y., Ahmad Tamrin, M.H.B., Olson, M., Glaser, T., Kielland, K., Chapin III, F. S., Bryant, J., Plant toxins and trophic cascades alter fire regime and succession on a boreal forest landscape, Ecological Modeling, 244, 79-92, 2012.
Castillo-Chavez C., Feng, Z., Huang, W., Global dynamics of a plant-herbivore model with toxin-determined functional response, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 72 (4), 1002-1020, 2012.
Glasser J., Feng Z., Moylan A., Del Valled S., Castillo-Chavez C., Mixing in age-structured population models of infectious diseases, Math. Biosci. 235, 1-7, 2012.
Towers S., Feng Z., Social contact patterns and control strategies for influenza in the elderly, Math. Biosci. 240, 241-249, 2012.
Xu, D., Sandland, G. J., Minchella, D. J., Feng, Z., Interactions among virulence, coinfection and drug resistance in a complex life-cycle parasite , J. Theor. Biol. 304, 197-210, 2012.
Yang Y., Feng Z., Xu D., Sandland G., Minchella D.J., Evolution of host resistance to parasite infection in the snail-schistosome-human system, J. Math. Biol. 65(2), 201-236, 2012.
Towers, S., Vogt Geisse, K., Tsai, C-C., Han, Q., Feng, Z., The impact of school closures on pandemic influenza: Assessing potential prepercussions using a seasonal SIR model, MBE 9 (2), 413-430, 2012.
Shim, E., Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., Differential impact of sickle cell trait on symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria, MBE , 2012.
Feng, Z., Velasco-Hernandez, J., Tapia-Santos, B., Leite, M., A model for coupling within-host and between-host dynamics in an infectious disease, Nonlinear Dyn., 68, 401-411, 2011.
Feng Z., Qiu Z., Liu, R., DeAngelis, D.,
Dynamics of a plant-herbivore-predator system with plant-toxicity, Math. Biosci., 299, 190-204, 2011.
Chow, L., Fan, M., Feng Z., Dynamics of a multigroup epidemiological model with group-targeted vaccination strategies, J. Theor. Biol., 291, 56-64, 2011.
Towers, S., Vogt Geisse, K., Zheng, Y., Feng, Z., Antiviral treatment for pandemic influenza: Assessing potential repercussions using a seasonally forced SIR model, J. Theor. Biol., 289, 259-268, 2011.
Feng Z., Towers S., Yang Y., Modeling the effects of vaccination and treatment on pandemic influenza, AAPSJ, 13(3), 427-437, 2011.
Feng Z., Qiu Z., Sang Z., Global stability of a 9-dimensional HSV-2 epidemic model, CAMQ, 19 (4), 319, 2011.
Feng, Z., Liu, R., Qiu, Z., Rivera, J., Yakubu, A.
Coexistence of competitors in deterministic and stochastic patchy environments, JBD, 5(5), 454-473, 2011.
Glasser J, Taneri D, Feng Z, Chuang J-H, Tull P, et al. Evaluation of Targeted Influenza Vaccination Strategies via Population Modeling, PLoS ONE, 5(9): e12777. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012777, 2010.
Qiu, Z., Feng, Z., Transmission dynamics of an influenza model with vaccination and antiviral treatment, Bull. Math. Biol., 72 (1), 1-33, 2010.
Yan, P., Feng, Z., Variability order of the latent and the infectious periods in a deterministic
SEIR epidemic model and evaluation of control effectiveness, Math.
Biosci., 224, 43-52, 2010.
Qiu, Z. Feng, Z. Transmission dynamics of an influenza model with age of infection and antiviral treatment, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 22 (4), 823-851, 2010,
Qiu, Z., Feng, Z., Dynamics of an epidemic model with targeted antiviral prophylaxis, JBD, 4 (5), 506-526, 2010.
Brauer, F., Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., Discrete epidemic models, MBE, 7(1), 1-16, 2010.
Li, Y., Feng, Z., Dynamics of a plant-herbivore model with toxin-induced functional response, MBE, 7(1), 149-169, 2010.
Feng, Z., Yang, Y., Xu, D., P. Zhang, McCauley, M., Glasser, J., Timely identification of optimal control strategies for emerging infectious diseases, J. Theor. Biol., 259 (1), 165-171, 2009.
Towers, S., Feng, Z.,
Pandemic H1N1 influenza: Predicting the course of pandemic and assessing the efficacy of the planned vaccination programme in the United States, Eurosurveillance, 14 (41), 2009.
Media report:
News Channel 18 WLFI
Journal & Courier
Washington Times
Los Angeles Times
Roeger, L-I. W., Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., Modeling TB and HIV co-infections, MBE, 6(4), 815-837, 2009.
Feng, Z., Liu, R. and DeAngelis, D. L., Bryant, J. P., Kielland, K., Chapin, F. S. III, Swihart, R. K., Plant toxicity, adaptive herbivory, and plant community dynamics, Ecosystems, 12(4) 534-547, 2009.
Swihart, R. K., DeAngelis, D. L., Feng, Z., Bryant, J. P., Troublesome toxins: time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology, BMC Ecology, doi:10.1186/1472-6785-9-5, 2009.
Xu, D. and Feng, Z., A metapopulation model with local competitions, DCDSB, 12(2) 495-511, 2009.
Feng, Z., Liu, R. and DeAngelis, D. L., Plant-herbivore
interactions mediated by plant toxicity, Theor. Pop. Biol.
73, 449-459, 2008.
Liu, R., Feng, Z., Zhu, H. and DeAngelis, D. L., Bifurcation analysis of a plant-herbivore model with toxin-determined functional response, J. Differential Equations,
245, 442-467, 2008.
Castillo-Chavez, C., Feng, Z., Xu, D., A schistosomiasis model with mating structure and time delay, Mathematical Biosciences, 211, 333-341, 2008.
Zhou, Y., Khan, K., Feng, Z., Wu, J., Projection of tuberculosis incidence with increasing immigration trends, J. Theoretical Biology, 254, 215-228, 2008.
Yang, Y., Feng, Z., Xu, D., Analysis of a model with multiple infectious stages and arbitrarily distributed stage durations, Math. Model. Nat. Phenom. 3(7), 180-193, 2008.
Nuno, M., Castillo-Chavez, C., Feng, Z., Martcheva, M., Mathematical models of influenza: the role of cross-immunity, quarantine and age-structure, In: Mathematical Epidemiology, P. van den Driessche, J. Wu and F. Brauer (eds.), Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 349-364, 2008.
Rong, L., Feng, Z. and Perelson, A., Mathematical modeling of HIV-1 infection and drug therapy, In: Mathematical Modeling of Biosystems, R.P. Mondaini and P.M. Pardalos (eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 87-131, 2008.
Rong, L., Feng, Z. and Perelson, A., Mathematical analysis of age-structured HIV-1 dynamics with combination antiretroviral therapy, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 67, 731-756, 2007.
Rong, L., Feng, Z. and Perelson, A., Emergence
of HIV-1 drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69 (6),
2027-2060, 2007.
Rong, L., Gilchrist, M., Feng, Z. and Perelson, A., Modeling within-host HIV-1 dynamics and the evolution of drug resistance: Trade-offs between viral enzyme function and drug susceptibility, J. Theoretical Biology, 247, 804-818, 2007.
Feng, Z., Xu, D. and Zhao, H., Epidemiological models with non-exponentially distributed disease stages and applications to disease control, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69 (5), 1511-1536, 2007.
Zhang, P., Feng, Z. and Milner, F., A schistosomiasis model
with an age-structure in human hosts and its application to treatment strategies
, Mathematical Biosciences, 205 (1), 83-107, 2007.
Zhang, P., Sandland, G., Feng, Z., Xu, D., Minchella, D., Evolutionary implications for interactions between multiple strains of host and parasite, J. Theoretical Biology, 248, 225-240, 2007.
Alexander, M., Bowman, C., Feng, Z., Gardam, M., Moghadas, S., Rost, G., Wu, J., Yan, P., Emergence of drug
-resistance: dynamical implications for pandemic influenza
, Proc. R. Soc. B. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0422, 2007.
Feng, Z., Final and peak epidemic sizes for SEIR models with quarantine and isolation, MBE, 4 (4), 675-686, 2007.
Xu, D., Feng, Z., Allen, L. and Swihart, R., A spatially structured
metapopulation model with patch dynamics,
J. Theoretical Biology, 239, 469-481, 2006.
Feng, Z., Rong, L., The influence of anti-viral drug therapy on the evolution of HIV-1 pathogens,
in: Disease Evolution: Models, Concepts, and Data Analyses, Feng, Z., Dieckmann, U. and Levin, S. A. (eds.), American Mathematical Society, 161-179, 2006.
Li, Y., Feng, Z., Swihart, R., Bryant, J. and Huntly, N., Modeling the
impact of plant toxicity on plant-herbivore dynamics, J. Dynamics &
Differential Equations, 18 (4), 1021-1024, 2006.
Shim, E., Feng, Z., Martcheva, M. and Castillo-Chavez, C., An age-structured epidemic model of rotavirus with vaccination, J. Mathematical Biology, 53 (4) 719-746, 2006.
Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C., The influence
of infectious diseases on population genetics, Mathematical Biosciences
and Engineering, 3 (3) 467-483, 2006.
DeWoody, Y., Feng, Z. and Swihart, R., Merging spatial and temporal structure within a metapopulation model, American Naturalist, 66 (1), 42-55, 2005.
Feng, Z., Huang, W. and Castillo-Chavez, C., Global behavior of a multi-group SIS
epidemic model with age structure, J. Differential Equations, 218(2), 292-324, 2005.
Feng, Z., Rong, L. and Swihart, R. Dynamics of an age-structured metapopulation model,
Natural Resource Modeling, 18(4), 415-440, 2005.
Nuno, M., Feng, Z., Martcheva, M. and Castillo-Chavez, C., Dynamics of
two-strain influenza with isolation and
partial cross-immunity, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 65 (3), 964-982, 2005.
Xu, D., Curtis, J., Feng, Z. and Minchella, J.D., On the role
of schistosome mating structure in the maintenance of drug resistant strains, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 67 (6), 1207-1226, 2005.
Fan, M., Kuang, Y. and Feng, Z., Cats protecting birds revisited, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 67, 1081-1106, 2005.
Feng, Z., Smith, D.L., McKenzie, F.E. and Levin, S.A., Coupling ecology and evolution:
malaria and the S-gene across time scales, Mathematical Biosciences, 189, 1-19, 2004.
#1 of the "ScienceDirect Top 25 Hottest Articles" in Mathematical Biosciences, July-Sep 2004.
Feng, Z., Swihart, R., Yi, Y. and Zhu, H., Coexistence in a metapopulation model with explicit local
dynamics, Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 1 (1), 131-145, 2004.
Feng, Z., Yi, Y. and Zhu, H., Fast and slow dynamics of malaria and the S-gene
frequency, Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations, 16 (4), 869-896, 2004.
Feng, Z., Eppert, A., Milner, F. and Minchella, D., Estimation of parameters governing the transmission dynamics of schistosomes, Applied Mathematics Letters, 17, 1105-1112, 2004.
Rusell, R., Swihart, R. and Feng, Z., Population consequences of movement decisions in
a patchy landscape, Oikos, 103, 142-152, 2003.
Feng, Z., Li, C-C. and Milner, F., Schistosomiasis models with density dependence and age of infection in snail dynamics, Mathematical Biosciences, 177-178, 271-286, 2002.
Jung, E., Lenhart, S. and Feng, Z., Optimal control of
treatments in a two-strain tuberculosis model, Discrete and
Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2(4), 473-482, 2002.
Feng, Z., Iannelli, M. and Milner, F., A two-strain TB model with age-structure, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 62 (5), 1634-1656, 2002.
Feng, Z., Curtis, J. and Minchella, D., The influence of drug treatment on the maintenance of schistosome genetic diversity, J. Mathematical Biology, 43, 52-68, 2001.
Swihart, R., Feng, Z., Slade, S., Mason, D. and Gehring, T., Effects of
habitat destruction and resource supplementation in a predator-prey
metapopulation model, J. Theoretical Biology, 210(3), 287-303, 2001.
Feng, Z., Huang, W. and Castillo-Chavez, C., On the role of variable latent periods in
mathematical models for tuberculosis, J. Dynamics and Differential Equations, 13(2), 425-452,
2001.
Feng, Z. and Thieme, H., Endemic models for
the spread of infectious diseases with arbitrarily distributed disease
stages I: General Theory, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 61(3), 803-833, 2000
Feng, Z. and Thieme, H., Endemic models for
the spread of infectious diseases with arbitrarily distributed disease
stages II: Fast disease dynamics and permanent recovery, SIAM J.
Appl. Math., 61(3), 983-1012, 2000
Feng, Z., Castillo-Chavez, C. and Capurro, A., A model for TB with exogenous reinfection, Theoretical Population Biology, 57, 235-247, 2000.
Wu, L-I., Feng, Z., Homoclinic bifurcation in a model for childhood diseases, J. Differential Equations, 168, 150-167, 2000.
Castillo-Chavez, C. and Feng, Z., Global stability of an age-structure model for TB and
its applications to optimal vaccination, Mathematical Biosciences, 151, 135-154, 1998.
Feng, Z. and Velasco-Hernandez, J.X., Competitive exclusion in a vector-host model for the dengue fever, J. Mathematical Biology, 35, 523-544, 1997.
Castillo-Chavez, C. and Feng, Z., To treat or not to treat: the case of tuberculosis, J. Mathematical Biology, 35, 629-659, 1997.
Feng, Z. and Thieme, H., Recurrent outbreaks of childhood diseases revisited: the impact of isolation, Mathematical Biosciences, 128, 93-129, 1995.