% Document-style collection for journals published by Elsevier Science. 
% To be used with LaTeX version 2.09 of 14 January 1992 (or later) 
%
% Version: 2.23
% Date:    4 July 1995
%
% Copyright (C) 1994 by Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
%
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%
% You are not allowed to change this file. You may however copy this file 
% to a file with a different name and then change the copy. 
% 
% You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone. You are NOT ALLOWED 
% to take money for the distribution or use of this file (or a changed 
% version) except for a nominal charge for copying etc. 
% 
% You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that it is 
% distributed together with all files mentioned in readme.els. 
% 
% If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain! 
% 
%
\lineskip 1pt
\normallineskip 1pt
\def\baselinestretch{1}
\frenchspacing
\def\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{14.5pt}\xiipt\@xiipt
\abovedisplayskip 12\p@ plus 2\p@ minus 2\p@%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus 2\p@%
\belowdisplayshortskip 3.5\p@ plus 2\p@ minus 2\p@
\let\@listi\@listI}
\def\small{\@setsize\small{13.6pt}\xipt\@xipt
\abovedisplayskip 11\p@ plus3\p@ minus6\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip  \z@ plus3\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip  6.5\p@ plus3.5\p@ minus3\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
 \parsep 4.5\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep
            \topsep 9\p@ plus3\p@ minus5\p@}}
\let\footnotesize=\small
\def\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{9.5pt}\viiipt\@viiipt}
\def\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{7pt}\vipt\@vipt}
\def\large{\@setsize\large{18pt}\xivpt\@xivpt}
\def\Large{\@setsize\Large{22pt}\xviipt\@xviipt}
\def\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{22pt}\xxpt\@xxpt}
\def\huge{\@setsize\huge{27pt}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
\let\Huge=\huge
\def\baselinestretch{1}
\@normalsize
\newdimen\@bls
\@bls=\baselineskip
\if@twoside
   \oddsidemargin   20pt
   \evensidemargin  20pt
   \marginparwidth  10pt
\else
   \oddsidemargin   20pt
   \evensidemargin  20pt
   \marginparwidth   2pc
\fi
\marginparsep 20pt
\headheight  0pt
\headsep     0pt
\footskip 40pt
\bigskipamount=\@bls plus 0.3\@bls minus 0.3\@bls
\medskipamount=0.5\bigskipamount
\smallskipamount=0.25\bigskipamount
\textheight 44\baselineskip
\advance\textheight\topskip
\textwidth 33pc
\columnsep 2pc
\columnseprule 0pt
\footnotesep 8.4pt
\skip\footins 12pt plus  8pt
\floatsep         8pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\textfloatsep     8pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\intextsep        8pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\@maxsep         20pt
\dblfloatsep      8pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
\dbltextfloatsep 12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
\@dblmaxsep      20pt
\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\marginparpush 5pt
\parskip 1pc plus 1pt
\parindent \z@
\newskip\eqntopsep
\eqntopsep 12pt plus 2\p@ minus 2\p@
\newdimen\eqnarraycolsep
\eqnarraycolsep 1pt
\@lowpenalty   51
\@medpenalty  151
\@highpenalty 301
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{1.5\@bls
  plus .4\@bls minus .1\@bls}{\@bls}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{\@bls
  plus .3\@bls minus .1\@bls}{\@bls}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{\@bls
  plus .2\@bls}{0.0001pt}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{3.25ex plus
  2ex minus 0.2ex}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\def\half@em{\hskip 0.5em}
\def\lb@part{PART \thepart.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@part{PART \thepart}
\def\lb@section{\thesection.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@section{\thesection}
\def\lb@subsection{\thesubsection.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@subsection{\thesubsection}
\def\lb@subsubsection{\thesubsubsection.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@subsubsection{\thesubsubsection}
\def\lb@paragraph{\theparagraph.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@paragraph{\theparagraph}
\def\lb@subparagraph{\thesubparagraph.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@subparagraph{\thesubparagraph}
\def\head@style{\interlinepenalty\@M
  \hyphenpenalty\@M \exhyphenpenalty\@M
  \rightskip 0pt plus 0.5\hsize \relax}
\def\app@number#1{\setcounter{#1}{0}%
  \@addtoreset{#1}{section}%
  \@namedef{the#1}{\thesection.\arabic{#1}}}
\def\appendix{\@ifstar{\appendix@star}{\appendix@nostar}}
\def\appendix@nostar{%
  \def\lb@section{Appendix \thesection.\half@em}
  \def\lb@empty@section{Appendix \thesection}
  \setcounter{section}{0}\def\thesection{\Alph{section}}%
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
  \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}%
  \setcounter{paragraph}{0}%
  \app@number{equation}\app@number{figure}\app@number{table}}
\def\appendix@star{%
  \def\lb@section{Appendix}\let\lb@empty@section\lb@section
  \setcounter{section}{0}\def\thesection{\Alph{section}}%
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
  \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}%
  \setcounter{paragraph}{0}%
  \app@number{equation}\app@number{figure}\app@number{table}}
\def\ack{\section*{Acknowledgements}%
  \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{6pt}}%
  \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgement}}
\@namedef{ack*}{\par\vskip 3.0ex plus 1.0ex minus 1.0ex}
\let\endack\par
\@namedef{endack*}{\par}
\newdimen\labelwidthi
\newdimen\labelwidthii
\newdimen\labelwidthiii
\newdimen\labelwidthiv
\def\normal@labelsep{0.5em}
\labelsep\normal@labelsep
\settowidth{\labelwidthi}{(iii)}
\settowidth{\labelwidthii}{(d)}
\settowidth{\labelwidthiii}{(iii)}
\settowidth{\labelwidthiv}{(M)}
\leftmargini\labelwidthi    \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
\leftmarginii\labelwidthii  \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
\leftmarginii\labelwidthiii \advance\leftmarginiii\labelsep
\leftmarginii\labelwidthiv  \advance\leftmarginiv\labelsep
\def\setleftmargin#1#2{\settowidth{\@tempdima}{#2}\labelsep\normal@labelsep
  \csname labelwidth#1\endcsname\@tempdima
  \@tempdimb\@tempdima \advance\@tempdimb\labelsep
  \csname leftmargin#1\endcsname\@tempdimb}
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
  \labelwidth\labelwidthi \labelsep\normal@labelsep
  \topsep \z@ \partopsep\z@ \parsep\z@ \itemsep\z@
  \listparindent 1em}
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
  \labelwidth\labelwidthii \labelsep\normal@labelsep
  \topsep\z@ \partopsep\z@ \parsep\z@ \itemsep\z@
  \listparindent 1em}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
  \labelwidth\labelwidthiii \labelsep\normal@labelsep
  \topsep\z@ \partopsep\z@ \parsep\z@ \itemsep\z@
  \listparindent 1em}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
  \labelwidth\labelwidthiv \labelsep\normal@labelsep
  \topsep\z@ \partopsep\z@ \parsep\z@ \itemsep\z@
  \listparindent 1em}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\endinput




